到底是什麼阻止了你(或其他人)更改他們的IP地址,給ISP和其他網際網路使用者帶來了各種各樣的麻煩?
今天的問答環節是由SuperUser提供的,SuperUser是Stack Exchange的一個分支,是一個由社群驅動的問答網站分組。
超級使用者讀者Whitemage很好奇是什麼阻止他肆意更改IP地址並**麻煩:
An interesting question was asked of me and I did not know what to answer. So I’ll ask here.
Let’s say I subscribed to an ISP and I’m using cable internet access. The ISP gives me a public IP address of 60.61.62.63.
What keeps me from changing this IP address to, let’s say, 60.61.62.75, and messing with another c***umer’s internet access?
For the sake of this argument, let’s say that this other IP address is also owned by the same ISP. Also, let’s assume that it’s possible for me to go into the cable modem settings and manually change the IP address.
Under a business contract where you are allocated static addresses, you are also assigned a default gateway, a network address and a broadcast address. So that’s 3 addresses the ISP “loses” to you. That seems very wasteful for dynamically assigned IP addresses, which the majority of customers are.
Could they simply be using static arps? ACLs? Other simple mechani**s?
這裡有兩件事要調查,為什麼我們不能到處改變地址,分配過程是否像看上去那樣浪費?
SuperUser contributor Moses提供了一些見解:
Cable modems aren’t like your home router (ie. they don’t have a web interface with simple point-and-click butt*** that any kid can “hack” into).
Cable modems are “looked up” and located by their MAC address by the ISP, and are typically accessed by technicians using proprietary software that only they have access to, that only runs on their servers, and therefore can’t really be stolen.
Cable modems also authenticate and cross-check settings with the ISPs servers. The server has to tell the modem whether it’s settings (and location on the cable network) are valid, and simply sets it to what the ISP has it set it for (bandwidth, DHCP allocati***, etc). For instance, when you tell your ISP “I would like a static IP, please.”, they allocate one to the modem through their servers, and the modem allows you to use that IP. Same with bandwidth changes, for instance.
To do what you are suggesting, you would likely have to break into the servers at the ISP and change what it has set up for your modem.
Could they simply be using static arps? ACLs? Other simple mechani**s?
Every ISP is different, both in practice and how close they are with the larger network that is providing service to them. Depending on those factors, they could be using a combination of ACL and static ARP. It also depends on the technology in the cable network itself. The ISP I worked for used some form of ACL, but that knowledge was a little beyond my paygrade. I only got to work with the technician’s interface and do routine maintenance and service changes.
What keeps me from changing this IP address to, let’s say, 60.61.62.75 and mess with another c***umer’s internet access?
Given the above, what keeps you from changing your IP to one that your ISP hasn’t specifically given to you is a server that is instructing your modem what it can and can’t do. Even if you somehow broke into the modem, if 60.61.62.75 is already allocated to another customer, then the server will simply tell your modem that it can’t have it.
David Schwartz提供了一些額外的見解,併為真正好奇的人提供了白皮書連結:
Most modern ISPs (last 13 years or so) will not accept traffic from a customer connection with a source IP address they would not route to that customer were it the destination IP address. This is called “reverse path forwarding”. See BCP 38.
有什麼要補充的解釋嗎?在評論中發出聲音。想從其他精通技術的Stack Exchange使用者那裡瞭解更多答案嗎?在這裡檢視完整的討論主題。
...8.255.255是為私有地址保留的,而其餘是為公共IP保留的。 什麼是公共ip(public ip)? 公共IP地址對於Internet來說是全域性唯一的。按照標準,某些IP地址範圍被保留給專用網路使用。任何不為私有IP保留的IP都可以用作公共IP。IP網路...
...如果展開網路介面卡,您應該可以看到您的計算機使用的是什麼網路介面卡(NIC)。要檢視您的網路速度,請轉到“控制面板”>“網路和共享中心”>[連線]。家庭網路設定的最佳實踐是將所有有線裝置連線到同一...
...討論瞭如何在Windows上更改MAC地址。今天,讓我們看看為什麼您可能要更改MAC上的MAC地址(以及如何更改)。 ...
...訪問被阻止內容的人的角度來關注這兩種解決方案。它們是什麼?他們怎麼工作?最重要的是,它們對您的線上安全有什麼影響?繼續讀下去。 ...
...網路連線的東西都會有一個。如果你問谷歌“我的IP地址是什麼?”,它將告訴您您的公共IP地址是什麼,如ISP給您的(注意,如果您使用VPN,這將來自您的VPN提供商)。 ...
... 讓我們看看為什麼有人會問你細節,如果你讓他們說出來會發生什麼,以及這個問題的一些解決方案。 ...