你不斷地插拔（和安裝/解除安裝）你的快閃記憶體驅動器。如何將潛在的資料丟失降至最低？

今天的問答環節是由SuperUser提供的，SuperUser是Stack Exchange的一個分支，是一個由社群驅動的問答網站分組。

問題

超級使用者讀者Peter想知道他能做些什麼來保持檔案系統和快閃記憶體驅動器的檔案完好無損。他寫道：

I have encountered several USB sticks with a corrupted filesystem in only 2 years. In a Windows-only environment (Vista and newer), what can be done to reduce the chance of filesystem corruption and data loss on a single USB drive?<

• Which filesystem is the most robust?
• Which technologies or labels (xyz certified, etc) indicate that USB sticks supporting them are less likely to become corrupted?
• Is there something else to look out for?

他是無能為力，還是可以採取預防措施？

答案

SuperUser contributor提供以下提示：

What can be done to reduce the chance of filesystem corruption and dataloss on a single USB drive?

Commonly used file systems like FAT32 or NTFS don’t store any data validation information (only on the internal file system itself). Keep backups of your data, validate the data with checksums (you can generate MD5/SHA1 hashes for your files only to check if any data has been corrupted), and/or store recovery archives.

And lastly, regardless of the filesystem, you should always properly unmount the drive. This ensures that any existing file reads/writes are completed, and any read/write buffers have been flushed.

Which filesystem is the most robust?

Robustness comes at a price – compatibility. Arguably, you’d want a file system with built-in data validation and checksumming (or redundant data) like ZFS, but that isn’t very portable with Windows/OSX. If performance is a concern, you might want to try exFAT, which appears to be supported in most major operating systems out of the box or with some slight configuration.

Which technologies or labels (xyz certified, etc) indicate that USB sticks supporting them are less likely to become corrupted?

Anything that keeps flash memory alive longer, most notably wear leveling and over provisioning. If the drive supports wear leveling, a larger drive will keep more available sectors in the case some wear out.

At the end of the day, flash memory doesn’t last forever. All current flash memory has a limited number of read/write cycles, which inherently causes data loss over time. You can mitigate this risk by taking regular backups, and validating your data with checksums to determine when a file has been corrupted.

It’s also possible to use a filesystem with built-in data integrity and recovery, but these are uncommon in many non-UNIX environments as of writing this. They also may be slower and actually wear out the drive faster, due to the requirements of storing additional checksums & redundant information for each file.

For each case there’s a solution, you just need to weigh the portability/integrity/speed c***iderati***.

合理的建議，以確保您獲得最大的預期壽命從您的快閃記憶體驅動器。

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