什么是网络地址转换？(network address translation?)
网络地址转换（NAT）是系统使用的一种动态整合方法，目的是最大限度地减少互联网连接需求。具体地说，网络地址转换描述数据分组的因特网协议（IP）地址的重写，以便多个传输只需要一个IP地址。重写发生在数据通过网络或网络防火墙时。这是在专用网络上完成的。除了防火墙，公司还使用路由器甚至计算机来执行网络地址转换功能。
网络地址转换通常有四种形式：静态NAT、动态NAT、重载或重叠。静态NAT是将一个未注册的IP地址转换为另一个已注册的IP地址。动态NAT是将一个未注册的IP地址转换为从一组注册地址中选择的另一个IP地址。重载是动态NAT的一种形式，它将一系列未注册的地址转换为一个已注册的地址。重叠是将多个地址从一个网络转换到另一个网络。每种方法都是根据手头公司的具体需要使用的。
使用网络地址转换的主要原因之一是保护IP地址。许多行业专家认为，IP地址需求的爆炸式增长将导致全球IP地址短缺，这是由于32位IPv4标准中所有可用的数字排列都被取消了，而这一标准如今主宰着互联网。解决这一问题的一种方法是创建IPv6，它包括128位和更多的IP地址。然而，IPv6的创建并没有真正解决短缺问题。网络地址转换通过在不需要时不创建新的IP地址来实现。
网络地址转换的一个缺点是它不允许从开始到结束的真正连接。换句话说，如果连接来自网络外部，那么网络地址转换协议不能保证数据在整个过程中保持完整。最初的IP不是与网络相关联的IP，这是这里的缓解因素。
另一方面，这一缓解因素也可以带来好处。如果网络地址转换不允许从网络外的源进行线对线数据传输，那么它自然会成为恶意数据流的屏障。这种功能自然可以作为一种安全服务，防止病毒、蠕虫和其他危险。
- 发表于 2021-12-14 11:29
- 阅读 ( 160 )
- 分类：互联网
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