什么是防雷系统？(a lightning protection system?)
防雷系统旨在保护大型结构免受雷击损坏。这些系统允许雷击从建筑物顶部安全地移动到地面，通常造成很少或没有损坏。防雷系统的主要部件包括避雷针、引下线和埋在地下的电极。未使用防雷系统保护的建筑物可能会遭受严重损坏，并且可能会对居住者造成伤害。。
基本上，防雷系统为闪电提供了一条通往地面的便捷路径。该系统不必穿过木材、砖石或其他材料，而是提供了一条低电阻或低阻抗的接地路径。防雷系统的每个部分通常由金属制成，通常是铝或铜。
避雷针或风道末端是防雷系统的一些主要部件。这些长金属杆通常安装在结构顶部的最高点。一些较大的结构可能受益于一根以上的杆。例如，建筑物上的避雷针通常相距约20英尺（6米）。因此，一座80英尺（24.5米）长的建筑可能需要三根或四根杆子。
避雷针通常连接到建筑物顶部的其他金属部件，如电视天线。它们还与引下线相连。这些金属电缆或电线将避雷针连接到地下金属棒上。
接地电极是防雷系统的最终组成部分。这些金属棒埋在地下，通常埋在10英尺（3米）或更深处。在这里，雷击的高压可以安全地分布在地面上。有时，这些电极可以被盐包围，这可以增强电池的稳定性
electrical connection到周围的地球。
雷击后，建筑物的布线和电气系统也会受到损坏。浪涌保护器可以保护这些系统，是防雷系统的另一个组成部分。它们通过限制电压的过度上升而起作用。
防雷系统可以安装在任何数量的建筑物上，包括建筑物、树木、水塔、纪念碑和桥梁。不受这些系统保护的木结构有着火和燃烧的风险。多孔或含水的建筑材料，如砖和混凝土，如果被闪电击中，甚至会爆炸。
- 发表于 2022-01-29 21:22
- 阅读 ( 105 )
- 分类：科学
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