脑干(brainstem)和脊髓(spinal cord)的区别

脑干和脊髓是神经系统中两个位置相近的部分，尽管它们在生理和功能上存在差异。神经系统是神经细胞和神经纤维的网络，通过神经信号控制身体的许多活动。脑干和脊髓的关键区别在于，脑干有助于控制大脑的运动和感觉功能以及某些复杂的功能，而脊髓则通过脑干把神经带到大脑和身体的其他部位。本文旨在探讨脑干与脊髓的区别。

什么是脑干(the brainstem)？

Brainstem links spinal cord with the brain through nerve fibers and is crucial for many nerve functi***. It is subdivided into the medulla, oblongata, p***, and midbrain. Most cranial nerves, which tran**it sensory and motor information to and from nuclear groups, are attached to the brainstem and help to control the motor and sensory functi*** of the head. The brainstem controls certain complex functi*** such as respiration, cardiovascular regulation, c***ciousness, and sleep.

什么是脊髓(the spinal cord)？

The spinal cord is a long tubular bundle of nerves that arises from the brainstem and extends down through the vertebral column until it reaches the space between first and second lumbar vertebrae. It is one of the main components of the central nervous system (the other part is brain). The main role of the spinal cord is carrying nerve impulses to and from the brain through the brainstem to the rest of the body.  The spinal cord is enclosed in the vertebral column (backbone), which provides protection from vibration and other injuries to it. In addition, it is also protected by three tissue layers known as meninges. The nerves arise from the spinal cord are called spinal nerves. Based on the regi*** where spinal nerves arise through vertebral column, there are three types of spinal nerves; (a) cervical nerves that control respiration and carry nerve impulses to arms, neck and upper trunk, (b) thoracic nerves that carry nerve impulse to trunk and abdomen, and (c) lumbar nerves which carry nerve impulses to bladder, bowel and sexual organs.

脑干(brainstem)和脊髓(spinal cord)的区别

脑干和脊髓的定义

脑干：脑干是大脑的茎状部分，由延髓、中脑和脑桥组成。

脊髓：是神经组织穿过脊柱椎管的脊髓。

脑干和脊髓的特点

位置

脑干：脑干是介于脊髓和大脑之间的部分。

脊髓：脊髓通过脑干与大脑相连，并通过脊椎向下延伸。

功能

脑干：它有助于控制大脑的运动和感觉功能，某些复杂的功能，如呼吸、心血管调节、意识和睡眠。

脊髓：它通过脑干把神经带到大脑和身体的其他部分。

脊髓是中枢神经系统的主要部分，而脑干是大脑的一个子部分，是中枢神经系统的另一个主要部分。

结构

脑干：脑干由延髓、延髓、桥脑和中脑组成