阿德里安·里奇（1929年5月16日至2012年3月27日）是一位获奖诗人，长期从事美国女权主义者和著名女同性恋。她写了十几卷诗和几本非小说类的书。她的诗歌广泛发表在选集中，并在文学和妇女研究课程中进行研究。她的工作获得了重大奖项、研究金和国际认可。

快速事实：阿德里安·里奇

以：美国诗人、散文家和女权主义者而闻名，他们将“对女性和女同性恋的压迫置于诗歌话语的最前沿”

出生：1929年5月16日，马里兰州巴尔的摩

死亡日期：2012年3月27日，加利福尼亚州圣克鲁斯

教育：拉德克利夫学院

出版作品：《世界的改变》、《坠入沉船》、《儿媳的快照》、《血、面包和诗歌》，大量非小说类书籍和诗歌。

奖项和荣誉：国家图书奖（1974年）、博林根奖（2003年）、格里芬诗歌奖（2010年）

配偶：阿尔弗雷德·哈斯克尔·康拉德（1953-1970）；合伙人米歇尔·克里夫（1976-2012）

孩子：巴勃罗·康拉德、大卫·康拉德、雅各布·康拉德

值得注意的一句话：“当一个女人说真话时，她正在创造一种可能性，让更多的真相围绕着她。”

早年生活

阿德里安·里奇1929年5月16日出生于马里兰州巴尔的摩。她在拉德克利夫学院学习，1951年从菲贝塔卡帕大学毕业。那年，她的第一本书《世界的改变》被W.H.奥登选为耶鲁大学青年诗人系列丛书。随着她的诗歌在接下来的二十年中的发展，她开始写更多的自由诗，她的作品也变得更具政治性。

阿德里安·里奇于1953年与阿尔弗雷德·康拉德结婚。他们住在马萨诸塞州和纽约，有三个孩子。这对夫妇分居，康拉德于1970年自杀。阿德里安·里奇后来以女同性恋身份出现。1976年，她开始与她的伴侣米歇尔·克利夫生活在一起。他们在20世纪80年代搬到加利福尼亚州。

政治诗

阿德里安·里奇（Adrienne Rich）在其著作《那里的发现：诗歌和政治笔记本》（What Is Found:Notebook on Poetry and Politics）中写道，诗歌从“原本可能不知道同时性的元素”的轨迹交叉开始

阿德里安·里奇（Adrienne Rich）多年来一直是代表妇女和女权主义、反对越南战争、支持同性恋权利以及其他政治事业的活动家。尽管美国倾向于质疑或拒绝政治诗歌，但她指出，许多其他文化认为诗人是国家话语中必要的、合法的一部分。她说她将“长期”成为一名活动家

妇女解放运动

自1963年出版《儿媳快照》一书以来，阿德里安·里奇的诗歌一直被视为女权主义者。她称妇女解放是民主化的力量。然而，她还说，20世纪80年代和90年代揭示了更多的方式，美国社会是一个男性主导的体系，远远没有解决妇女解放的问题。

阿德里安·里奇鼓励使用“妇女解放”一词，因为“女权主义者”一词很容易成为一个简单的标签，或者可能会引起下一代女性的抵制。里奇再次使用“妇女解放”，因为它提出了一个严肃的问题：从什么中解放？

阿德里安·里奇赞扬了早期女权主义意识的提高。提高意识不仅使问题成为妇女思想的前沿，而且还导致了行动。

获奖者

阿德里安·里奇因《潜入沉船》于1974年获得国家图书奖。她拒绝单独接受该奖项，而是与其他提名人奥德雷·洛德和爱丽丝·沃克分享。他们代表世界各地因父权制社会而沉默的所有妇女接受了这一点。

1997年，阿德里安·里奇拒绝了国家艺术奖章，声称她所知道的艺术理念与比尔·克林顿政府玩世不恭的政治格格不入。

阿德里安·里奇是普利策奖的决赛选手。她还获得了许多其他奖项，包括美国国家图书基金会美国文学杰出贡献奖、书评人圈“废墟中的学校：2000-2004年诗歌”奖、兰南终身成就奖和华莱士·史蒂文斯奖，该奖承认“在诗歌艺术方面有着杰出的和被证明的造诣。”

阿德里安·里奇语录

• Life on the planet is born of woman. • Today's women Born yesterday Dealing with tomorrow Not yet where we're going But not still where we were. • Women have been the truly active people in all cultures, without whom human society would long ago have perished, though our activity has most often been on the behalf of men and children. • I am a feminist because I feel endangered, psychically and physically, by this society and because I believe that the women's movement is saying that we have come to an edge of history when men - insofar as they are embodiments of the patriarchal idea - have become dangerous to children and other living things, themselves included. • The most notable fact our culture imprints on women is the sense of our limits. The most important thing one woman can do for another is to illuminate and expand her sense of actual possibilities. • But to be a female human being trying to fulfill traditional female functions in a traditional way is in direct conflict with the subversive function of the imagination. • Until we know the assumptions in which we are drenched, we cannot know ourselves. • When a woman tells the truth she is creating the possibility for more truth around her. • Lying is done with words and also with silence. • False history gets made all day, any day, the truth of the new is never on the news • If you are trying to transform a brutalized society into one where people can live in dignity and hope, you begin with the empowering of the most powerless. You build from the ground up. • There must be those among whom we can sit down and weep and still be counted as warriors. • The woman I needed to call my mother was silenced before I was born. • The worker can unionize, go out on strike; mothers are divided from each other in homes, tied to their children by compassionate bonds; our wildcat strikes have most often taken the form of physical or mental breakdown. • Much male fear of feminism is the fear that, in becoming whole human beings, women will cease to mother men, to provide the breast, the lullaby, the continuous attention associated by the infant with the mother. Much male fear of feminism is infantilism -- the longing to remain the mother's son, to possess a woman who exists purely for him. • How we dwelt in two worlds the daughters and the mothers in the kingdom of the sons. • No woman is really an insider in the institutions fathered by masculine consciousness. When we allow ourselves to believe we are, we lose touch with parts of ourselves defined as unacceptable by that consciousness; with the vital toughness and visionary strength of the angry grandmothers, the shamanesses, the fierce marketwomen of the Ibo's Women's War, the marriage-resisting women silkworkers of prerevolutionary China, the millions of widows, midwives, and the women healers tortured and burned as witches for three centuries in Europe. • It's exhilarating to be alive in a time of awakening consciousness; it can also be confusing, disorienting, and painful. • War is an absolute failure of imagination, scientific and political. • Whatever is unnamed, undepicted in images, whatever is omitted from biography, censored in collections of letters, whatever is misnamed as something else, made difficult-to-come-by, whatever is buried in the memory by the collapse of meaning under an inadequate or lying language -- this will become, not merely unspoken, but unspeakable. • There are days when housework seems the only outlet. • Sleeping, turning in turn like planets rotating in their midnight meadow: a touch is enough to let us know we're not alone in the universe, even in sleep... • The moment of change is the only poem.

乔恩·约翰逊·刘易斯编辑