什么是数据处理系统？(a data processing system?)
数据处理系统是一种使用计算机程序或语言处理原始数据，并使用称为事务处理的方法将数据转换为信息的系统。可以从许多来源捕获数据，包括直接输入数据、穿孔卡文件和外部介质（如磁盘、磁带和外部驱动器）。系统还分析原始数据，通过软件或用户干预根据编程指令对数据进行排序，并以屏幕查询或硬拷贝报告的形式计算和传播数据。
数据处理系统可以追溯到19世纪早期。1801年，约瑟夫·玛丽·贾卡尔开发了第一套穿孔卡片系统。1833年，查尔斯·巴贝奇创建了一个分析引擎来解释穿孔卡片上的孔或信息。19世纪80年代，赫尔曼·霍勒瑞斯（Herman Hollerith）开发了制表机和钥匙冲床，这将成为第一批数据处理系统的基本组成部分，技术将发生重大变化。1890年，美国人口普查用穿孔卡片和钥匙穿孔机制成表格。
在接下来的100年中，技术进步包括处理器和内存功能、硬盘存储和报告处理的发明。第二次世界大战后，美国政府和计算机行业官员创造了“数据处理”一词来定义数据的捕获和处理。第一个基于政府的数据处理系统，电子数字积分器和计算机（ENIAC）于1945年投入使用，开始了一种不断发展的自动化趋势。
该系统的基本组成部分是操作系统，即涉及硬件编程的低级编程；处理器（CPU），在毫秒内计算指令；操作系统，处理系统的软件和硬件功能；硬盘存储器，将数据存储在内部硬盘上。系统必须有方法输入原始数据以形成信息。这些数据可以通过键盘或外部介质（如磁盘、磁带、穿孔卡或CD-ROM）输入。处理数据的设备配置包括大型机、中端计算机和客户端服务器网络，如局域网（LAN）和广域网（WAN）硬件配置。在机器或操作系统级别，这些组件是同步的，以支持基本数据处理系统。
数据处理和信息系统可能作为可互换的术语出现，但在理论上有很大不同。尽管“信息系统”一词在行业中被广泛使用，但其根源和要素在于数据处理。数据处理系统是启动信息管理和分析过程的引擎。一旦数据被分析和产生，信息系统就提供了决策过程。
- 发表于 2021-12-10 10:24
- 阅读 ( 126 )
- 分类：互联网
你可能感兴趣的文章
windows任务管理器：完整指南
...字节总数。 I/O write bytes: The total number of bytes written by the process since it started. I/O other bytes: The total number of bytes used in non-read and non-write I/O operati*** since the process started. Image path name: The full path to the process’s executable file. Command line: The...
是什么让emmc闪存在移动设备上可行，而不是在pc上？
...en moving away from pricy SLC to MLC, TLC, and even QLC along with **aller process sizes (all of which lower cost with some higher risk of wearing out). Flash has gotten a lot cheaper. There were also a few alternatives that did not have wear issues. For example, running the entire system off a ROM ...
无人登录时，系统使用哪个windows帐户？
...ows and the log in screen is displayed, which user account are the current processes running under (video & sound drivers, login session, any server software, accessibility controls, etc.)? It cannot be any user or the previous user because no one is logged in. What about processes that have bee...
web服务器如何侦听新请求？
...s while waiting for new connecti***. During this time, the kernel puts the process into an interruptible sleep state and runs other processes. This is an important point; having the process poll continuously would waste CPU resources. The kernel is able to use the system resources more efficiently b...
在操作系统之前使用了哪些“概念”？
...50s generally ran one job at a time. These were called single-stream batch processing systems because programs and data were submitted in groups or batches. History of Operating Systems (Source: Wikipedia) The earliest computers were mainframes that lacked any form of operating system. Each user had...
每个操作系统都需要ram吗？
... Does every Operating System need RAM? A mandatory step in the BIOS POST process is to check if there is RAM. Optionally, it checks to see if your RAM is functioning correctly. So the answer to your question, “Does every operating system need RAM?” is: No, not on this (IBM PC compatible) hardwar...
处理器和安全性之间的联系是什么？
...o, I have been on the web for a while today and came across the Intel Xeon processors. In the feature list, it menti*** security. I remember in many other places, I’ve seen security somehow linked with processors. Here is the link for the Xeon and here is the page it links to. As far as I know, pr...
ntfs或fat32：为内部ssd数据分区选择最佳文件系统
...有价值的数据时，NTFS文件系统绝对是更安全的选择。 有什么要补充的解释吗？在评论中发出声音。想从其他精通技术的Stack Exchange用户那里了解更多答案吗？在这里查看完整的讨论主题。
意外的关机怎么会对linux计算机造成伤害？
...ling file system and how well the applicati*** are able to handle aborted processing. C***ider for example an application which processes a file and writes the results as they are computed (one output line per input line) to another file. If the power is cut during processing, and the same applica...
为什么linux系统有时可以恢复windows无法恢复的数据？
...ead. If any of the structures/blocks being read during this “mounting”-process trigger your faulty SSD to go bye-bye, the difference with that specific linux distribution is simply that it may not automatically mount all the partiti*** in question, or may, when mounting, simply read a different ...
0 篇文章
