什么是茎突？(the styloid process?)
茎突是骨骼的一个突出的尖部，通常是肌肉、肌腱和韧带的附着点。人类骨骼上有几个这样的结构，包括一个位于颅骨颞骨上，一个位于下臂的桡骨和尺骨上，另一个位于脚的第五跖骨上，通常称为第五跖骨粗隆。除了作为肌肉附着点外，茎突还可以作为骨科的骨标志，帮助确定手术或诊断期间各种韧带、神经和其他身体结构的位置。。
在人类头骨上，颞茎突位于耳朵下方，从颞骨向下延伸，指向头骨前部。附着在这种棘状骨骼上的肌肉有助于移动舌头和喉咙。在罕见的情况下，这种骨突出扩大，导致一种称为鹰综合征的疾病。其罕见性和广泛的症状使eagle综合征难以诊断，但它经常导致咽喉疼痛和舌头移动时疼痛，因为在吞咽和其他口腔运动（尤其是舌头伸展）过程中，细长的骨骼摩擦韧带和肌肉。Eagle综合征可表现为喉咙后部的肿块，有时被误认为扁桃体肿胀，通常通过手术缩短延长的骨骼，以减少其与周围组织的接触和磨损。。
桡骨和尺骨茎突位于尺骨和桡骨的腕端，它们是延伸至前臂肌肉的韧带和肌腱的附着点。这些突出物不是长的和刺状的，而是更圆和圆锥形的。这些骨性突出物中的任何一个骨折都会引起腕部疼痛，在桡骨茎突中更为常见。桡骨茎突的断裂或骨折也被称为司机骨折，通常发生在腕骨被挤压茎突时。在大多数情况下，这种类型的骨折通过手术治疗，包括重新定位骨骼，并使用销钉、钢板或螺钉将碎片固定到位，以促进愈合。。
- 发表于 2021-12-29 04:16
- 阅读 ( 139 )
- 分类：生物
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