报道社交媒体和民主的交叉点的结果是，有时你不得不讨论一些非常愚蠢的事情。推特对著名保守派的“影子禁令”（shadow banning）引发了一些令人愤怒的争议——这是推特根本没有做过的事情——就是其中之一。然而，Twitter对随之而来的批评的反应可能决定该公司是否能够处理其平台众所周知的滥用行为。

昨天我在《恶习》中提到了一个误导性的故事，它的标题是错误的，“推特是‘影子禁令’著名共和党人，如RNC主席和小特朗普的发言人。”（自那以后，这一说法有所改变。）该报道摘自Gizmodo周日的一篇文章，该文章描述了一些“有争议”的账户如何“在搜索结果中降级”

关于这个故事，首先要注意的是，当一个人开始在Twitter搜索框中输入一个名字时，它以建议的帐户开始和结束。就这样。在某些情况下，Twitter可能被指控的最糟糕的事情是，如果你想阅读一些人的tweet，就让你拼出他们的全名。

就像我说的：非常愚蠢。

这个故事始于去年，当时Twitter姗姗来迟地开始从搜索结果中删除低质量和骚扰性的推文。推特继续根据许多不同的信号改进搜索结果，其中大部分没有也永远不会与我们分享。这样做的一个影响是，公司有时不会根据某个帐户及其交互帐户的行为自动向您推荐某些帐户。

这里的操作理论是，你可以从Twitter的朋友那里了解到很多关于Twitter帐户的信息，如果它与污秽混在一起，它可能不值得在你的个性化自动完成结果中占有一席之地。当然，Twitter在经历了十年努力控制滥用行为之后，一直承受着巨大的压力，需要做出这样的改变。

《连线》的伊西·拉波斯基（Issie Lapowsky）在推特上谈到了在搜索结果中对少数保守派进行降级可能会发生什么：

Twitter has been far from transparent in defining that bad behavior, but a few examples it’s given publicly include accounts that haven’t confirmed their email addresses or that signed up several accounts at once. Twitter doesn’t ban these accounts or the tweets they post. It instead reduces their visibility in users’ replies and also in search. The company’s algorithms also ****yze who those accounts are connected to and whether accounts in those networks are also exhibiting troll-like behavior. But Twitter insists the algorithms have no way of knowing whether the people behind those tweets are Republicans or Democrats.

“If you send a tweet and 45 accounts we think are really trolly are all replying a hundred times, and you’re retweeting a hundred of them, we’re not looking at that and saying, ‘This is a political viewpoint.’ We’re looking at the behavior surrounding the tweet,” the spokesperson said.

与此同时，唐纳德·特朗普总统愤怒地在推特上发表了关于副总统故事的言论。”推特“影子禁令”著名共和党人，“他说不好的。我们将立即调查这种歧视性和非法的做法！（为了记录在案，让某人拼写出某人的全名以查找其帐户并不违法。）

今天的新闻周期的一个负面后果是剥夺了“影子禁令”一词的含义——另一个曾经有用的平台术语，如“假新闻”，现在几乎无法作为一个概念连贯起来。正如Brian Feldman在纽约所述，影子禁令——允许用户继续在论坛上发帖，而不通知他们自己的帖子现在只对他们可见——在这方面很有用，而不是让某人立即被锁定，并可能通过创建新账户等方式进行报复，由于缺乏与其他用户的交互，用户逐渐消失。”

不过，多亏了本周发生的事件，“影子禁令”似乎注定意味着“发行量比我个人认为的要少”。这一想法引发了今年国会灾难性的钻石和丝绸听证会，推特的搜索问题可能导致另一个问题。

但让我们明确一点：推特系统性地削弱了保守派声音的论点只能是恶意的。正如Facebook系统性地损害了保守派声音的论点只能是恶意的。

然而，仅仅因为它是恶意**的，并不意味着它就不能有效。这是Facebook过去两年的教训之一，在这两年中，一则Gizmodo的故事称Facebook“压制保守新闻”，导致该公司从其平台上删除了人工编辑。这有助于为今天继续在平台上传播错误信息铺平道路。

这就是为什么一个关于Twitter搜索结果的非常愚蠢的故事比第一次出现更重要。发现自己与美国总统意见相左的政纲很容易反应过度——这会让政纲变得更糟。推特为减少虐待所做的工作受到了欢迎。如果这意味着在搜索框中再输入几个字符，我会这么说。

“我们不支持禁令，”推特在周四晚间的一份声明中说你总是能够看到来自你关注的账户的推文（尽管你可能需要做更多的工作才能找到它们，比如直接转到他们的个人资料）。当然，我们也不会基于政治观点或意识形态对禁令进行跟踪。”

更新，上午11:40：这篇文章已经更新，包括Twitter的声明。

民主

推特并不是在暗中禁止共和党人。原因如下。

费尔德曼关于禁影历史的完整解释在这里是有用的，我建议阅读整个故事。

2017年社交媒体平台的新闻使用

以下是皮尤关于美国人如何从社交平台获取新闻的一些新统计数据：

Since 2013, at least half of Twitter users have reported getting news on the site, but in 2017, with a president who frequentlymakes announcements on the platform, that share has increased to about three-quarters (74%), up 15 percentage points from last year. On YouTube, about a third of users now get news there (32%), up from 21% in 2016. And news use among Snapchat’s user base increased 12 percentage points to 29% in August 2017, up from 17% in early 2016.

在别处

Facebook的股市下跌是美国历史上最大的单日跌幅

Facebook昨日盘后交易的崩盘周四继续，创下记录：

After a surprisingly weak growth forecast in this week’s earnings report, Facebook’s stock price dropped 19 percent today. The decline, which erased about $120 billion in market value, is the largest one-day drop in the history of the American stock market.

这次电话会议动摇了投资者对Facebook的信心

下面是一个有趣的Deepa Seetharaman，它通过电话会议一分钟一分钟地进行，导致Facebook创纪录的股价暴跌。有件事还没有引起足够的注意(不过会的。）

He partly blamed “currency headwinds” and new privacy opti*** for users but also revealed that new ad formats such as those within Instagram Stories weren’t pulling in the same amount of money as ads shown in the Facebook and Instagram feeds.

This revelation about Stories startled many ****ysts and investors. Facebook executives have said users were embracing the Stories feature, which allows users to post photo and video montages that disappear after 24 hours, and that activity would eclipse time spent just scrolling through feeds next year. Ads shown in feeds are where Facebook generates the bulk of its revenue. Now, Facebook executives were saying that people were spending more time using a less-lucrative product.

Facebook刚刚了解了解决问题的真正成本

以下是Fred Vogelstein在Facebook收益上的一个好消息：

How much less profitable will Facebook be? During the last quarter of 2017, the ratio of operating earnings to revenue—an important measure of profitability—was 57 percent. It was 44 percent in the second quarter of 2018. And it’s expected to fall into the mid-30 percent range by the end of this year, said David Wehner, Facebook’s chief financial officer.

Facebook收购了Redkix，以便在其竞争对手中构建更好的消息功能

Facebook希望通过一些普通的协作工具来加强工作场所。Kurt Wagner报道说，Redkix是一家“将电子邮件、消息和日历功能整合到一个应用程序中的电子邮件初创公司”。

Slack购买Hipchat，计划关闭它并将用户迁移到其聊天服务

Slack还收购了Slack的竞争对手Hipchat，它比Slack更早，并且Slack彻底击败了它，以至于Atlassian付钱给了它的竞争对手（以投资的形式）来摆脱它。

青少年就Instagram失败账户的重大问题展开辩论

据泰勒·洛伦兹报道，Instagram上的“翻牌账户”是青少年讨论现实世界事件的场所，因为他们不再信任主流媒体

The accounts post photos, videos, or screenshots of articles, memes, things, or people c***idered a “flop,” or, essentially, a fail. A flop could be a famous YouTuber saying something racist, someone being rude or awful in person, a homophobic comment, or anything that the teen who posted it deems wrong or unacceptable. Sometimes the teens who run a given account know each other in real life; more likely, they met online.

“Flop accounts bring attention to bad things or bad people that people should be aware of. We also post cringeworthy content for entertainment purposes,” said Alma, a 13-year-old admin on the flop account @n***topflops.

当一个陌生人决定毁掉你的生活

克什米尔山有一个令人难忘的令人不安的故事，讲述了一名妇女在网上发表评论说一名青少年有权在奥斯威辛（“奥斯威辛”）**后，被一名心神不宁的吸毒者诽谤。

发射

LinkedIn上的语音信息：为您提供更多对话方式

对不起，这是我读过的最有趣的东西。永远不要改变，LinkedIn。除非你在2018年加入语音信箱，在这种情况下，你就要这么做。

Have you ever typed out a long message and thought about how much faster and easier it would be to say it out loud? To give you more ways to have conversati***, we’ve now added the ability to record and send voice messages up to one minute in LinkedIn Messaging.

Snapchat“故事讲述者”最终将创作者与广告商配对

Snap为有影响力的人提供了一种通过Snapchat赚钱的方式，这是一种姗姗来迟的方式。

IGTV传送带漏斗Instagram为隐藏视频提供流量

你完全忽视了IGTV吗？不用担心，它现在将***你的Instagram订阅源中，以吸引你点击。

拿

Facebook度过了令人印象深刻的糟糕一天

马特·莱文（Matt Levine）对Facebook创纪录的股价下跌非常滑稽：

There is a popular, slightly tongue-in-cheek notion in the financial industry that losing a billion dollars of client money is a badge of honor, something to be proud of, a good thing to have on your resume. It shows you can bounce back from adversity, etc., but more importantly it shows that clients trusted you with a billion dollars and you had the confidence to take risks with it. Losing $150 billion of shareholder money shows, at a minimum, that Facebook had shareholders who believed in it to the tune of almost $630 billion (as of yesterday’s close); you can’t lose $150 billion of market cap without first having $150 billion of market cap. I submit that losing $150 billion of market cap in a day is a more impressive financial accomplishment than anything that almost any other company has done in the history of stock markets.

最后。。。

空中缆车如何避免成为Twitter上最不受欢迎的表情符号

青少年中最热门的趋势是用最少使用的表情符号滥发Twitter，这样它就不再是使用最少的表情符号了。我的同事Shoshana Wodinsky报道：

During the latter bit of those eleven weeks, the tramway became a bit of a hero among a number of public transportation advocates. The campaign to save the tramway emoji from its ignominious fate really took off when the 100,000 members of New Urbanist Memes for Transit-Oriented Teens — a Facebook group dedicated to transportation memes — caught wind of the situation. Dozens of NUMTOTs, as the members call themselves, spammed Twitter with strings of the lone gondola to try to bring it up from its spot in last place.

上帝保佑努姆托人，感谢你所做的一切。

跟我说

问题？评论？影子禁令？[email protected]