位于阿尔戈斯的阿尔戈利斯湾(Ἄργος）是希腊的一个重要城邦，位于伯罗奔尼撒半岛的南段，特别是在被称为阿尔戈利德的地区。它从史前时代就有人居住。这些居民被称为Ἀργεῖοι（Argives），一个有时用于所有希腊人的术语。阿尔戈斯与斯巴达争夺伯罗奔尼撒半岛的显赫地位，但失败了。

阿尔戈斯的众神和英雄

阿戈斯是以一位同名英雄的名字命名的。更为人熟知的希腊英雄珀尔修斯和贝勒罗芬也与这座城市有关。在多里安入侵中，当赫拉克勒斯的后代，即赫拉克利科，入侵伯罗奔尼撒半岛时，特门努斯接受了阿尔戈斯的命运。特米诺斯是马其顿王室的祖先之一，亚历山大大帝就是从这里诞生的。

阿盖夫斯特别崇拜女神赫拉。他们以节日和一年一度的节日向她表示敬意。还有阿波罗·毕加索、雅典娜·奥克西德斯、雅典娜·波利亚斯和宙斯·拉里塞乌斯（位于阿尔盖夫卫城拉里萨）的庇护所。尼米亚运动会于公元前五世纪末至公元前四世纪末在阿尔戈斯举行，因为宙斯在尼米亚的庇护所已被摧毁；然后，在公元前271年，阿尔戈斯成为他们永久的家。

阿尔戈斯的特莱西拉是一位希腊女诗人，大约在公元前五世纪初写作。她最著名的是在大约公元前494年，在克莱奥门尼斯一世的领导下，召集阿尔戈斯的妇女对抗进攻的斯巴达人。

文学中的阿戈斯语

特洛伊战争期间，狄俄墨德统治着阿尔戈斯，但阿伽门农是他的霸主，因此整个伯罗奔尼撒半岛有时被称为阿尔戈斯。

《伊利亚特》第六卷提到阿尔戈斯与神话人物西西弗斯和贝勒洛芬有关：

" There is a city in the heart of Argos, pasture land of horses, called Ephyra, where Sisyphus lived, who was the craftiest of all mankind. He was the son of Aeolus, and had a son named Glaucus, who was father to Bellerophon, whom heaven endowed with the most surpassing comeliness and beauty. But Proetus devised his ruin, and being stronger than he, drove him from the land of the Argives, over which Jove had made him ruler."

阿波罗多勒斯对阿戈斯的一些引用：

2.1

Ocean and Tethys had a son Inachus, after whom a river in Argos is called Inachus. ... But Argus received the kingdom and called the Peloponnese after himself Argos; and having married Evadne, daughter of Strymon and Neaera, he begat Ecbasus, Piras, Epidaurus, and Criasus, who also succeeded to the kingdom. Ecbasus had a son Agenor, and Agenor had a son Argus, the one who is called the All-seeing. He had eyes in the whole of his body, and being exceedingly strong he killed the bull that ravaged Arcadia and clad himself in its hide; and when a satyr wronged the Arcadians and robbed them of their cattle, Argus withstood and killed him. Thence [Danaus] came to Argos and the reigning king Gelanor surrendered the kingdom to him; and having made himself master of the country he named the inhabitants Danai after himself.

2.2

Lynceus reigned over Argos after Danaus and begat a son Abas by Hypermnestra; and Abas had twin sons Acrisius and Proetus by Aglaia, daughter of Mantineus.... They divided the whole of the Argive territory between them and settled in it, Acrisius reigning over Argos and Proetus over Tiryns.

来源

• Howatson、MC和Ian Chilvers。《阿尔戈斯》，牛津古典文学简明指南。牛津：牛津大学出版社，1996年。
• 《牛津古典词典》。Ed.Simon Hornblower和Anthony Spawforth。牛津大学出版社，2009年。
• 凯利，托马斯。“斯巴达和阿尔戈斯之间的传统敌意：神话的诞生和发展”，《美国历史评论》，第75卷，第4期，1970年，第971-1003页。
• 罗斯，马克。“复兴Nemea的游戏”。考古学，2004年4月6日。