几年前，Macs已经转向了英特尔处理器，但在PC上运行OS X仍然是一个巨大的难题。请继续阅读，我们将探讨在PC框架上安装苹果操作系统的技术障碍。

今天的问答环节是由SuperUser提供的，SuperUser是Stack Exchange的一个分支，是一个由社区驱动的问答网站分组。

问题

超级用户读者Braiam想知道阻碍普通计算机用户在其PC上安装OS X的技术障碍有哪些：

Lets forget about the EULA and any other legal regulation. I’m not interested in those.

Everyone knows that until recently, OS X (or Mac OS) could only be run on PowerPC-based Macs, but that changed when Apple started using Intel’s CPUs, and opened up the possibility of installing OS X on PCs. Again lets forget about legalese, I’m going for factual and technical references. After the switch, users started experimenting until it was possible to install and run OS X on a PC.

Does anyone know why OS X wouldn’t work on a normal person’s PC? Is it some piece of hardware that is custom made or tailored for OS X that only Mac computers have? Or is it  just Apple making computer users’ lives difficult on a technical level?

在PC机上运行OSX真的像在硬件上看起来那样复杂吗？或者Mac电脑和PC机之间的区别比大多数人认为的更小（更简单）？

答案

超级用户贡献者Journeyman Geek为我们提供了答案：

Oddly enough? Apple systems check for a specific chip and refuse to run or install without it. This is called the system management controller, and in effect is a glorified fan controller amongst other things. Practically speaking, this is the reason, outside of some other specific things that might be different – such as video card firmware for video cards and OS X specific drivers for various things (sound cards come to mind) that you can’t ‘just’ boot a vanilla copy of OS X right on your beige box pc. Of course, this isn’t that hard to get around, which is why your average OS X hosted VM host can run OS X VMs, and there are Hackintosh distros floating around.

Most Hackintosh install methods these days use variati*** of boot132, a bootloader that was provided when Apple was transitioning from PPC to Intel with some modificati***. The original bootloader was open source, and built with some changes for Darwin. As an aside, there have been some attempts to repackage Darwin as an open source OS.

Apple supports a limited range of hardware you know will work. Otherwise, you’re going to have to scrounge up tested hardware or hack hardware into working. This is what makes running OS X on commodity hardware difficult. The SMC is relatively trivial to get around. Getting your unsupported sound chip (nothing like having your mic stuck at maximum volume on a laptop to ruin your day), video adaptor, and other hardware is the tricky part. If you have an AMD processor, for example, the stock kernel will take one look at it and panic like a mouse ran up its pants. In many cases, the solution ends up being building a new kernel, with patches off Darwin source (which is FOSS) and using that.

In short, the big problem isn’t the magic chip, it is OS X needing to play nice with the entire system.

正如您所看到的，尽管在PC上安装并运行OSX可能并不容易，但它是可行的。有兴趣建立自己的黑客电脑？那么请务必阅读我们的精彩指南：

黑客操作指南-第1部分：基础知识

黑客技术指南-第2部分：安装

黑客操作指南-第3部分：升级到Lion和双引导

有什么要补充的解释吗？在评论中发出声音。想从其他精通技术的Stack Exchange用户那里了解更多答案吗？在这里查看完整的讨论主题。