福尔马林的主要区别(main difference formalin) vs. 甲醛(formaldehyde)

福尔马林和甲醛的化学式相同，以CH2O为代表。但它们的物理状态和化学活性存在一定的差异。基本上，甲醛是一种无色、水溶性的易燃气体，在室温下有刺鼻的**性气味。然而，福尔马林是一种液体，由甲醛气体和水混合而成。这是福尔马林和甲醛的主要区别。通常，福尔马林的饱和溶液含有约40%（体积）或37%（重量）的甲醛气体和防止甲醛聚合的稳定剂。

什么是甲醛(formaldehyde)？

Formaldehyde is the simplest aldehyde with the chemical formula CH2O, and its IUPAC name is Meth****. Other than the IUPAC name, formaldehyde is also known as Formol, Formic aldehyde, Methaldehyde, Morbicid, Paraform, Methylene oxide, Oxymethylene, Oxomethane, etc. Its boiling point is -19.5 oC. Therefore, it exists as a colorless gas at room temperature with a pungent odor. This gas appears in the environment as a result of natural processes or man-made sources, such as photochemical oxidation and incomplete combustion of hydrocarb***. Formaldehyde has trigonal planar structure, and it belongs to C2v point group. The Figure 1. and 2. Illustrate the structure and hybridization of the bonds in formaldehyde.

甲醛易溶于水和有机溶剂，如乙醚、丙酮、苯和酒精。除溶解度外，它与高氯酸、苯胺、性能酸、硝基甲烷碳酸镁和过氧化氢反应迅速。甲醛对哺乳动物有急性影响，吸入高浓度甲醛会引起高脂血症、急性呼吸困难、呕吐、肌肉痉挛、抽搐，最后导致死亡。由于这是一种高活性气体，因此在接触点很容易被吸收。即使它是弱的基因毒性，它有能力诱导哺乳动物细胞的基因突变。然而，甲醛很容易受到光降解和生物降解，产生二氧化碳和水。

什么是福尔马林(formalin)？

Formalin is a saturated solution of formaldehyde gas in water. It contains about 40% (by volume) or 37% (by weight) formaldehyde gas along with a **all amount of stabilizer. Here, the general stabilizer is 10-12% methanol, and it is useful to prevent the formaldehyde polymerization. Without stabilizer, formaldehyde solution is very unstable, and it tends to polymerize, forming macromolecules that are insoluble. Complete hydration of formaldehyde gas mostly yields methylene glycol. Subsequently, it leads to the production of  paraformaldehyde by polymerization. The Figure 3. Illustrates the structure of paraformaldehyde.

为了防止聚合，在福尔马林中加入甲醇。

福尔马林是无色液体。它有一个尖锐的**性气味，由于排气的甲醛。这种溶液的PH值为中性，但在生产甲酸的同时，它可以作为还原剂还原其他物质。强福尔马林溶液易燃。这种溶液可以作为消毒剂和杀菌剂，因为它们可以破坏有害微生物。除此之外，它们还具有脱水作用、保存能力，并能与蛋白质结合，使蛋白质失活，杀死细胞。由于这些特性，福尔马林通常被用于水族馆杀死寄生在鱼身上的寄生虫。在这里，福尔马林的稀释溶液是用来避免造成伤害的鱼。

福尔马林(formalin)和甲醛(formaldehyde)的区别

物理性质：

化学成分：

福尔马林：福尔马林含有37-38%的甲醛，10-15%的甲醇，48-53%的水。

甲醛：纯甲醛（只有一种成分）

使用：

福尔马林：福尔马林可用作消毒剂和杀菌剂。此外，它还广泛用于保存组织样本，同时防止细胞腐烂。

Formaldehyde: Formaldehyde is a common precursor for more complex materials such as urea formaldehyde resin, melamine resin, phenol formaldehyde resin, polyoxymethylene plastics, 1,4-butanediol, and methylene diphenyl diisocyanate. These polymers are mostly used in textile industry as a finisher, and as permanent adhesives in plywood and carpet. Furthermore, formaldehyde is a precursor to polyfunctional alcohols, which is used to make paints and explosives.