在技术和权力的交汇点，今年最大的新闻之一是Facebook监督委员会。第一次，一家科技巨头试图将其部分权力还给人民——在本案中，以一个由40名成员组成的独立委员会的形式，该委员会将作为内容审查的最高**。本周，Facebook宣布董事会可能会在今年夏天开始审理案件——它还任命了董事会工作人员的负责人，并发布了建议的章程。

那么，人们对这条新闻怎么看？

在Wired，Steven Levy推测董事会可能会听到一个关于Facebook反对发送政治广告进行事实调查的案例。

A complaint by a target of a bogus political ad is bound to come before the board eventually, which will certainly take on the case. Or Facebook itself might send the issue to the board. After all, this issue satisfies almost all the factors listed by Facebook itself when assessing important cases. (A subset of the board’s members will sit on a selection committee.) According to an explanation of the board’s charter written by Facebook, these include severity (“the content reaches or affects someone else’s voice, privacy or dignity”); public discourse (“the content spurs significant public debate and/or important political and social discourse”); and difficulty (“there is disagreement about Facebook’s decision on the content and/or the underlying policy or policies”). It’s almost as if the whole project was created specifically to rule on Zuckerberg’s stance on political ads.

Nick Clegg, the former UK deputy prime minister who is now Facebook’s head of global policy and communicati***, confirms this. “I think this political ads issue of how do you treat political speech is exactly the kind of thing where it would be very interesting to see how the board thinks,” he says.

我不太确定董事会在这里会有发言权。它将有权删除（或保留）个别内容，并发布政策咨询意见。关键词：咨询。尽管董事会认为Facebook应该对政治广告进行事实检查的意见会有一定的影响力，并且如果Facebook决定改变路线，可能会为其提供政治掩护，但最终这一决定可能仍将由扎克伯格做出。

在Lawfare，伊芙琳·杜克（Evelyn Douek）详细介绍了董事会的一个更为独特的特点，至少在启动时是这样的：它只审查个人认为其内容被错误删除的案例。如果一个帖子被允许出错——例如，关于健康危机的病毒性错误信息——董事会最初将没有管辖权(Facebook表示，它将在未来获得这样的管辖权，但不会指定时间范围。）杜克写道：

Limiting the board’s jurisdiction to take-down decisi*** stacks the deck somewhat. It is like introducing video appeals to tennis to make calls more accurate but allowing players a review only when balls are called “out” and not when a ball is called “in,” no matter how erroneous the call seems. For those in favor of longer rallies — which probably includes the broadcasters and advertisers — this is a win, because only those rallies cut short can be appealed. For those in favor of more accurate calls generally, not so much. Indeed, on a press call, Facebook made this bias toward leaving things up explicit: The limited ambit of operati*** to start is “due to the way our existing content moderation system works, and in line with Facebook’s commitment to free expression” (emphasis added). Maybe so, but it is a disappointing limitation and represents an uncharacteristically incremental approach from a company famous for “moving fast.” It is important to hold Facebook to its commitment that this will be changed in the near future.

这一切感觉就像。。。疏忽。

如果Facebook在董事会运营的头几个月内扩大管辖范围，将收购包括在内，我不认为这一遗漏有什么大不了的。不过，时间要长得多，我想说Facebook有个问题。

还有一个问题是Facebook审查一个案例可能需要多长时间。在任何合法的法庭上，司法的车轮都不会旋转得特别快，但值得注意的是，这个委员会的设计并没有考虑到快速干预。这是彭博社的库尔特·瓦格纳：

Facebook’s proposed Oversight Board, a group of people from outside the company who will determine whether controversial user posts violate the social network’s rules, could take months to make these decisi*** — indicating the panel won’t play a role in quickly stopping the viral spread of misinformation or abuse on the service.

Instead, the board will take on cases that “guide Facebook’s future decisi*** and policies,” the company wrote Tuesday in a blog post. “We expect the board to come to a case decision, and for Facebook to have acted on that decision, in approximately 90 days.” The company also said it could expedite some decisi*** in “exceptional circumstances,” and that those would be completed within 30 days, but could be done faster.

现在，如果你是一位新妈妈，你母乳喂养孩子的照片被错误地删除了，你提出上诉，董事会决定审理你的案件，作为关于全球**可视性标准的里程碑式决定的一部分，你可能要等三个月才能得到答案。但是，如果你是一家因为推销含有CBD油的产品而被删除广告的企业，即使CBD油现在已被广泛合法化，那么三个月的延迟可能意味着你的公司生死攸关。

不过，值得注意的是，即使是这三个月的程序也远远优于目前的司法系统，后者包括填写表格、发送表格和祈祷(新系统还将包括填写表格、发送表格和祈祷，但现在有一个机会，一个独立的委员会将要求您更正式地陈述您的观点，咨询专家，并提出对您有利的约束性意见。）

我很高兴世界上最大的准国家之一已经演变为包括司法系统。不过，值得注意的是，该系统的建立明确是为了解决个人用户的投诉。它不会被要求广泛地“修复Facebook”——对整个用户群的健康状况或他们所居住的世界做出判断。这仍然由Facebook首席执行官全权决定。而在一家首席执行官拥有表决权股份多数控制权的公司，实际上没有立法部门。

Facebook正在采取迄今为止我们所看到的最大胆的方法，为自己建立一个独立的问责机制。但是，在董事会准备任命其成员时，让我们的期望与他们的实际能力保持一致是值得的。

比率

今天的新闻可能会影响公众对大型科技平台的看法。

趋势：Pinterest在2020年大选前禁止关于投票和人口普查的错误信息。这是该公司对潜在危险的在线内容采取比同行更强硬立场的最新例子。

趋势下降：亚马逊的**不仅让人们监视邻居，该公司还使用该应用监控自己的客户。一项新的调查发现，该应用程序中有大量的第三方跟踪器，可以将客户数据发送给分析和营销公司。

治理

⭐ 特朗普总统的连任竞选活动将大部分精力集中在数字广告上，这些广告旨在捕捉潜在选民的数据。《卫报》深入探讨了这一战略的运作方式，以及它为什么会吓到民主党人。这是朱莉娅·凯莉·王：

An ad that ran after the impeachment inquiry began used images of Joseph Stalin, Fidel Castro and members of the fringe group the Revolutionary Communist party burning an American flag to suggest that Democratic candidates were “destroying American values”. “Only one man can stop this chaos,” the ad announces, before Trump appears under blue skies.

But it’s not just doom, gloom and fearmongering. Many of Trump’s ads are the kind of cheerful, patriotic marketing that one would expect from a discount furniture showroom’s Fourth of July sale. These ads may not be getting under the skin of Trump’s Democratic rivals, but they appear to be helping to drive the re-election campaign’s substantial fundraising.

Facebook ads are designed to induce online acti***, and almost all of the Trump campaign’s ads are clearly intended to produce one of four: donating money, attending a rally, buying campaign merchandise, or providing the campaign with a user’s email address or mobile phone number.

随着民主党人的攻击越来越频繁，共和党人对Facebook的态度也越来越敏感。这一趋势可能是由于这家社交媒体巨头**了更多倾向共和党的说客，并加大了对****的宣传力度(它还刚刚聘请了一名前福克斯新闻主管来负责其新闻视频工作

Facebook继续为一家保守的媒体公司刊登广告，质疑气候变化与澳大利亚森林大火之间的联系，几天后，该平台自己的事实调查合作伙伴揭穿了这些虚假声明(卡梅隆·威尔逊（BuzzFeed）

伊丽莎白·沃伦公布了一项打击虚假信息的新计划。她的目标包括实施更严厉的法律，禁止传播错误信息，以压制选民投票率。这符合宪法吗(拉塞尔·布兰登（边缘）

面部识别公司Clearview AI声称拥有超过30亿张照片的数据库，在《****》和BuzzFeed的调查之后，面临着要求禁止和不断增加的法律威胁(Ryan Mac、Caroline Haskins和Logan McDonald/BuzzFeed）

反瓦克斯主义者正在Instagram上寻找新的受众，他们使用流行的标签，如#maga2020和乔·拜登最喜欢的口号“不要胡言乱语！”这一策略使他们得以逃避Facebook的检测，Facebook自去年以来一直试图阻止反vaxx标签(David Uberti（副总裁）

行业

⭐ Facebook工程副总裁Jay Parikh宣布他将离开公司。Parikh被认为在创建数据中心基础设施方面发挥了重要作用，Facebook在该基础设施上构建了许多应用程序和服务。CNBC的萨尔瓦多·罗德里格斯解释了下一步：

David Mortenson will replace Parikh in leading Facebook’s infrastructure organization, a company spoke**an told CNBC. Mortenson has been at Facebook since 2011. Parikh’s other resp***ibilities will likely be divided among several engineering leaders, he added. [...]

“A lot of what we’ve achieved over the past eleven years just wouldn’t have been possible without you,” said Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg in a comment on Parikh’s post. “I don’t think we even had a data center when you joined, and now we share our designs so the rest of the world can catch up!”

新的脱离Facebook的活动工具向用户展示了这个社交媒体巨头掌握了多少信息。但数据量大，几乎不可能从中得出意义(凯特琳·蒂芙尼（大西洋）

美国大学正在尝试在学生**上安装位置跟踪应用程序。据推测，这项技术将用于跟踪出勤情况(肖恩·霍利斯特/边缘）

Match Group的首席执行官曼迪·金斯伯格（Mandy Gin**erg）宣布她将辞职。Match是约会服务的母公司，包括铰链和火柴(Dan Primack/Axios）

BBC仍在努力与年轻观众沟通。一个针对25岁以下儿童的播客已经停播，网络继续忽视像TikTok这样的新格式。永远不要忽视TikTok(莎拉·马纳维斯/卫报）

最后。。。

卡农·埃尔斯治疗冠状病毒的灵丹妙药：只需喝漂白剂！

正如我们昨天谈到的，冠状病毒的流行导致了错误信息在网络上的传播。我不知道为什么你们这些聪明人会在这里向支持特朗普的卡农阴谋军寻求健康建议，但以防万一——绝对不要。下面是威尔·索默在《每日野兽》上的讲话：

The substance — dubbed “Miracle Mineral Solution” or “MMS” — has long been promoted by fringe groups as a combination miracle cure and vaccine for everything from auti** to cancer and HIV/AIDS.

The Food and Drug Administration has repeatedly warned c***umers not to drink MMS, last year calling it effectively a “dangerous bleach” that could cause “severe vomiting” and “acute liver failure.” But those warnings haven’t stopped QAnon devotees—who believe in a world where Donald Trump is at war with shadowy deep-state “cabal”—from promoting a lethal substance as a salve for a health crisis that speaks to the darkest recesses of fringe thought.

所以，你有它：不要喝漂白剂。告诉你所有的朋友！

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