Satura tota nostra est. Satire is all ours.

我们最喜欢的一些电视节目和电影是讽刺作品。这种通常尖刻的娱乐形式的产生不是由于艺术希腊人，他们发展了喜剧、悲剧、抒情诗等，而是由于通常被认为是更实用的罗马人。

罗马诗歌讽刺是罗马人创造的一种文学体裁，它是个人的和主观的，提供了对诗人的洞察和对社会习俗的观察（尽管是扭曲的）。谩骂和淫秽、饮食习惯、腐败和个人缺陷都有其存在的地方。尤文纳尔是一位优雅地揭露社会弱点的大师。

关于尤文纳尔我们所不知道的

虽然我们必须始终警惕假定人物（诗中的演讲者）代表诗人说话，但就罗马讽刺作家尤文纳尔（Juvenal）而言，我们没有太多选择。大多数当代诗人都没有提到他，昆蒂利亚的讽刺史也没有提到他。直到4世纪末的塞维乌斯，尤文纳尔才得到认可。

我们认为尤文纳尔的全名是Decimus Iunius Iuvenalis。尤文纳尔可能来自卡西诺山附近。他的父亲可能是一个富有的自由人和修辞家。这一推论是基于尤文纳尔讽刺作品缺乏献身精神。由于尤文纳尔没有献身于他的工作，他可能没有赞助人，因此他可能独立富有，但他可能非常贫穷。我们不知道尤文纳尔的出生或死亡日期。就连他繁荣的时期也是有争议的。他可能比哈德良活得更久。很明显，他忍受了多米提安的统治，在哈德良的统治下仍然活着。

尤维纳尔讽刺作品的主题

尤文纳尔写了16篇讽刺作品，长度从（十六）60行到（六）660行不等。正如他在开篇节目讽刺中所说的，主题包括现实生活的方方面面，包括过去和现在。事实上，这些话题集中在邪恶的各个方面。

第一册

Satire 1 (In English) Programmatic satire in which Juvenal states that his purpose is to write satire in a world where sinners are men of power. Satire 2 (In English) Satire on homosexuality and the betrayal of traditional Roman values. Satire 3 (In English) Contrasts corruption of modern Rome with the older simple way of life still found in the country. Satire 4 Farcical political satire about the meeting of an imperial council to determine how to cook an outlandish fish. Satire 5 Dinner party at which the patron continually humiliates his guest client.

第二册

Satire 6 A wonder of misogyny, a catalogue of evil, eccentric, and depraved women.

第三册

Satire 7 Without patronage in high places, intellectual pursuits suffer privations. Satire 8 Aristocratic birth should be accompanied by noble behavior. Satire 9 A dialogue in which the author assures Naevolus, a male prostitute, there will always be work for him in Rome.

第四册

Satire 10 What should be prayed for is a healthy mind and body ( mens sana in corpore sano) Satire 11 Epistolary invitation to a simple dinner. Satire 12 Description of sacrifice to be made for the safe escape of a man named Catullus from a storm at sea because he jettisoned his treasures.

第五册

Satire 13 Consoles Calvinus on his loss -- of money. Satire 14 Parents teach their children the vice of greed by their example. Satire 15 Mankind has a tendency towards cannibalism and should follow Pythagoras' dietary recommendations. Satire 16 Civilians have no redress against military assaults.