什么是自动驾驶汽车?(an autonomous vehicle?)

自动驾驶车辆是指不需要操作员实时指示即可运行的任何类型的车辆。使车辆具有自主性需要赋予其相当程度的内部决策能力。自主潜水艇和汽车的开发目的多种多样。...
Mars has been explored with numerous autonomous vehicles.

自动驾驶车辆是指不需要操作员实时指示即可运行的任何类型的车辆。使车辆具有自主性需要赋予其相当程度的内部决策能力。自主潜水艇和汽车的开发目的多种多样。

为了让自动驾驶车辆做出有用的实时决策,需要传感器从环境中获取反馈信息。某种形式的车载计算机(通常是小型微处理器)可以获取这些数据并确定车辆的状态。这可能与跟踪车辆当前位置一样简单,但也可能涉及其他类型的数据测量。车载计算机然后根据其当前状态执行预编程响应,以使自动驾驶车辆以智能方式运行。。

There have been four rovers operated on the surface of Mars.

对具有自主能力的潜艇的研究始于大约50年前。石油和天然气行业使用这些自主水下机器人(AUV)在建造油气田等海底基础设施之前绘制海底地图。在军事上,水下机器人被用来帮助探测其他潜艇,并监测保护区内的新物体,如地雷。研究湖泊和海洋的科学家可能会发现一种用于收集视觉和合成数据的自动交通工具。

NASA's first Viking missions to explore Mars were in 1975, and the agency has been sending robotic vehicles to explore the planet since.

火星探测车可以说是半自主的,因为它们可以做出许多独立的导航决定。这种能力的设计是因为地球和火星之间的往返通信时间延迟。根据行星的位置,这些延迟可能从大约6分钟到整整40分钟不等。为了帮助漫游者在给定的一天内取得更大的进展,工程师对他们进行了编程,让他们接受操作员的一般指示。流浪者也可以自己做出一些具体的决定。根据当地地形的危险程度,“勇气”和“胆小”的不同程度可以被编程到漫游车中。。

NASA has been able to study various aspects of Mars -- like its climate and surface composition -- with autonomous robotic devices such as the Curiosity Rover.

最近,美国国防部高级研究计划局(DARPA)赞助了一系列开发无人驾驶汽车的竞赛。DARPA大挑战赛的特点是参赛队伍相互竞争,以最快的速度让他们的赛车通过越野课程。2007年,美国国防部高级研究计划局赞助了一项城市挑战赛,其中包括一门城市环境课程。人们普遍认为,DARPA的挑战旨在刺激能够在敌对城市战区运行的自动车辆的发展。然而,也有人建议民用无人驾驶汽车。。

  • 发表于 2022-01-06 07:49
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  • 分类:汽车

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