一份来自公平劳动协会（FLA）的最新报告指出，苹果公司的一个生产合作伙伴经营的两个工厂存在许多违规行为，包括加班时间过长、病假工资支付不足以及健康和安全措施不足。这些年来，苹果供应链中的其他工厂也在关注这些问题，包括富士康（Foxconn），而富士康并不是本报告的重点。

上述两家工厂由广达集团运营，分别位于中国东部的上海和常熟。去年8月，第三方劳工监督组织Openview Service代表FLA对这些设施进行了检查，这一切都是对苹果供应链进行更大规模、持续检查的一部分。

如果参加工会，更多的工人“不知情”

根据这两份报告，大多数违规行为被归为“**关系”一类，这一类包括招聘做法、文件和检查以及健康和安全政策。FLA还发现了结社自由的问题，两家工厂80%的工人“不知道自己是不是工会成员”。虽然有现行的健康和安全政策，但FLA表示，他们发现了这两个设施的室内空气检测、上海易燃和有毒物质储存不当以及没有员工参与健康和安全委员会的问题。

苹果在一份声明中说，早在2月份，它就在2014年供应商责任报告中详细说明了一些问题，并在上个月对这些网站进行了审计：

Our suppliers must live up to the toughest standards in the industry if they want to keep doing business with Apple, which is the first and only technology company to be admitted to the Fair Labor Association. We are committed to providing safe and fair working conditi*** for everyone in our supply chain.

Last year we conducted 451 comprehensive, in-person audits deep into our supply chain so we could uncover problems and work with our suppliers to fix them. We track and report the weekly working hours for more than 1 million workers, and our 18-month Apple Supplier EHS Academy training program is raising the bar for environment, health and safety management in the industry.

The Quanta facilities inspected by the FLA last year were included in our 2014 Supplier Resp***ibility report, which we released in February. Our own experts have audited these sites 16 times, most recently last month.

In the year since the FLA's visit, we have worked closely with Quanta to drive meaningful improvements in areas identified by both the FLA and Apple. Apple conducted four follow-up inspecti*** on top of the annual audits of both facilities, to ensure the needed correcti*** are in place.

This year, through the end of July, Quanta has averaged 86 percent compliance with our 60-hour workweek. Excessive overtime is not in anyone's best interest, and we will continue to work closely with Quanta and our other suppliers to prevent it.

据报道，广达正在整理iWatch

广达的传统做法是作为苹果产品的最终组装商，并已被用于iPad等产品。最近的一份报告称，广达正在整合传闻已久的苹果智能手表。在这种情况下，上海工厂是两个工厂中较大的一个，有31706名工人，而常熟工厂有4711名工人。作为评估的一部分，FLA说，他们在9天的时间里采访了上海的389名工人和常熟的132名工人，大部分采访都是在现场进行的。

2012年1月，苹果公司加入了FLA，这是对其通常年度供应商责任报告的补充，也是在媒体对海外劳工进行严格审查之后加入的。第三方小组调查供应商和生产设施是否存在可能违反健康和安全的行为，并采访工人。FLA和苹果之间的协议允许该组织检查这家科技公司的供应链，并要求其作为补救政策的一部分做出改变。