關鍵區別-乙醇與乙醇酸
雖然乙醇和乙醇酸有相似的名稱,但由於它們是兩種不同的有機化合物,含有兩種不同的官能團,因此可以觀察到它們之間的關鍵區別。乙醇是醇家族中第二簡單的成員,而乙醇酸是羧酸族中第二簡單的成員。除了分子中存在的官能團外,它們都只含有兩個碳原子。當我們比較它們的化學性質時,它們都被用作有機溶劑,並且有一種獨特的氣味。相反,乙醇酸比乙醇酸。
什麼是乙醇(ethanol)?
The common name of ethanol is ethyl alcohol. Its functional group is a hydroxyl group (-OH group). All chemical properties such as reactivity, acidity or basicity depend on the functional group. Ethanol has a very mild **ell, and it is a volatile compound. Ethanol is very important in its industrial applicati***; it is a safe solvent, a fuel source, used to produce medicines and co**etics and it is the main component in alcoholic drinks. Ethanol can be produced domestically using agricultural waste such as corn, sugar cane, or grasses.
什麼是乙醇酸(ethanoic acid)?
The most commonly used name for Ethanoic acid is acetic acid. It is a colourless liquid with a characteristic sour taste and pungent odour. It has the molecular formula of CH3COOH. The undiluted form of the ethanoic acid is called “glacial acetic acid” and roughly about 3-9% of acid by volume is used to make vinegar. Ethanoic acid is c***idered as a weak acid; but, it is corrosive and able to attack the skin.
乙醇(ethanol)和乙醇酸(ethanoic acid)的區別
乙醇和乙醇酸的特性:
功能組:
乙醇:羥基(-OH基)是乙醇中的官能團。這是醇的特性。所有的酒精在其結構中至少有一個-OH基團。
乙醇酸:乙醇酸中的官能團是a–COOH基團。它對所有的羧酸都很常見。
屬性:
乙醇:乙醇是一種具有甜味的一元醇,在78.5°C下沸騰。它是唯一能以各種比例溶於水的碳氫化合物。鹼性乙醇與酸不反應而生成鹼性乙醇。
乙醇酸:在水溶液中為弱酸(pKa=4.76)。液態醋酸是一種極性溶劑,類似於水。它既能溶解極性液體,如糖和鹽,也能溶解非極性液體,如油和硫、碘等元素。易與水、氯仿和己烷混溶。醋酸有強烈的刺鼻氣味。
使用:
乙醇:酒精存在於酒精飲料中,也用作汽車的生物燃料。許多有機溶劑不溶於水。在塗料工業中,乙醇被用來**許多香水、化妝品和清漆。
乙醇燃料:
CH3CH2OH+3O2→2CO2+3H2O
乙酸:醋酸是一種化學試劑,用來生產其它化學品。大量用於生產醋酸乙烯單體;醋酸乙烯酯可聚合成聚氯乙烯或其他聚合物。此外,醋酸被用來生產酯,用於墨水,繪畫和塗料。醋酸酐是另一種重要的化合物,它可以由兩個醋酸分子縮合而成。少量的乙醇酸用於生產家用醋。
酸度:
乙醇:乙醇不會與碳酸氫鈉(NaHCO₃)發生反應,也不會改變藍色石蕊紙的顏色。因此,它的酸性比乙醇酸小。
Image Courtesy: “Ethanol-3D-balls”. (Public Domain) via Wikimedia Comm*** “Acetic acid dimer 3D ball” by Jynto (talk) – Own work.(CC0) via Wikimedia Comm***